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Multiple Sclerosis Treatments, Causes & Symptoms

What is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?

People who have Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have exposed nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord due to the breaking down of the protective covering of nerves. In people with MS, the immune system attacks the protective sheath or myelin that covers the nerve fibres. 

Without an intact protective sheath, the nerve fibres can become damaged. Damaged nerves can cause interruptions in communication between the brain and the rest of the body. Communication interruptions may have disastrous effects, especially if the body is trying to signal the brain to do something important, like speak or swallow. 

This article provides useful information about Multiple Sclerosis treatments, causes and symptoms to help keep you in the know for your general wellbeing and wellness journey.

Types of Multiple Sclerosis

Other conditions are classified by various stages, but Multiple Sclerosis has various types. Each type depends on the progression of the MS symptoms and the frequency of MS relapses. Here are the main types of Multiple Sclerosis. 

Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)

This is when there are early symptoms of MS that suggest you may have the disease, but there are other elements disqualifying your symptoms from being fully diagnosed as Multiple Sclerosis. Patients often display symptoms associated with myelin damage and inflammation. 

Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS)

Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis is a common type of relapsing form seen in most patients with MS. Patients experience flare-ups or periods of new or worsening symptoms over a few days or weeks. Typically, these relapses improve symptoms either partially or fully, and symptoms may stabilise or disappear for months or even years. 

Secondary-Progressive MS (SPMS)

Secondary progressive Multiple Sclerosis is characterised by the disease progression when symptoms gradually worsen. With SPMS, periods of relapse or remission are not as likely to occur. Common symptoms with this type of MS are issues with mobility and trouble walking. 

Primary-Progressive MS (PPMS)

Primary progressive Multiple Sclerosis starts off with a gradual onset of symptoms that progress steadily without any relapse. With primary progressive form, the symptoms get worse as the disease progresses. 

Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS)

Radiologically isolated syndrome occurs when individuals have lesions in their brain or spinal cord that appear on an MRI. The lesions may appear on the MRI, but the patient may not display any MS symptoms. 

There are also rare types that can occur when developing MS, such as:

  • Balo’s Concentric Sclerosis (BCS): This is a very rapid and rare variant of the disease that showcases concentric rings (shaped like a target) of myelin damage on an MRI. 
  • Marburg Variant Multiple Sclerosis (MVMS): This is a rare and extremely aggressive form of MS that is often associated with severe disability or death. These extensive and potentially fatal side effects typically progress within a few weeks to months. 
  • Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis (TMS): This type appears as a large lesion on the brain that typically affects the central nervous system and can often be mistaken for a tumour. 

These types of Multiple Sclerosis all have common symptoms. There is no cure for Multiple Sclerosis as of yet — symptom management should be at the forefront of MS treatment suggestions. 

Causes of Multiple Sclerosis 

While the direct cause of Multiple Sclerosis is unknown, it is believed to be caused by a combination or interaction of certain elements. This chronic illness is thought to be caused when a specific combination of genes interacts with a certain trigger. 

Multiple Sclerosis can occur on account of: 

  • Autoimmune disorders: A compromised immune system that attacks healthy cells may cause inflammation that damages the central nervous system. T and B cells are the two immune cells related to the development of MS. 
  • Viruses: Exposure to an infectious agent may be related to the triggering of MS. It’s thought that the virus is already in the body before MS develops or there’s a virus causing the disease. 
  • Environmental factors: There is a larger number of people with MS in areas further away from the equator. 
  • Genetic factors: While MS isn’t passed down in genes, the risk factors leading to the disease can be passed down. 

Researchers believe that any of these factors may have a bad interaction with each other and trigger Multiple Sclerosis. 

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Symptoms

A limited number of patients with MS have mild symptoms and little restrictions. In this case, they won’t need aggressive treatment. However, because the disease affects the brain and nervous system, the symptoms can become life-threatening. 

Here is a list of some symptoms:

  • Being off-balance, dizzy and uncoordinated 
  • Fatigue
  • Issues with vision
  • Loss of bowel or bladder control
  • Muscle pain
  • Muscle stiffness
  • Muscle weakness
  • Numbness or tingling in various parts of the body
  • Problems with memory or concentration
  • Repeated urinary tract infections

In order to deal with the varying symptoms and treat MS, you’ll need the support of multiple healthcare professionals to cover various fields, including occupational therapy, physical therapy, neurology and more. 

Risk Factors Contributing to Multiple Sclerosis Occurrence

There are various other factors that may predispose certain individuals to developing Multiple Sclerosis. The National Multiple Sclerosis Society has conducted research that suggests any one of the following factors could also lead to patients developing MS: 

  • Diet: An unhealthy diet rich in salty and fatty foods can cause inflammation throughout the body. The inflammation may be a risk factor for developing MS.  
  • Smoking: Smoking has been linked to faster progression and more severe types of the disease. People with MS could quit before or after the onset of the disease to combat the severity. 
  • Low Levels of Vitamin D: Vitamin D is an essential vitamin for your health, and low levels in your blood increase the risk of developing diseases that affect your immune system, like MS. 
  • Obesity: Obesity in childhood or adolescence could trigger the development of MS. In the same way, people with MS who become obese after the diagnosis can contribute to increased inflammation and more frequent MS relapses. 

Alternative Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis

There are various treatment options available to treat some symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis. The type of treatment will depend on which symptoms you want to address. Holon gives clients access to a range of alternative therapies to ease symptoms. 

Hyperbaric Oxygen Chamber Therapy (HBOT)

Hyperbaric oxygen chamber treatments have emerged as an alternative treatment for Multiple Sclerosis. During a hyperbaric oxygen chamber session, you’re breathing pure oxygen and experiencing pressure more than three times the normal air pressure outside the chamber. 

Hyperbaric sessions may increase your white blood cell count, and an increase in white blood cells helps your body fight off infections. The enhanced oxygenation of your tissues may also help alleviate tissue swelling. 

Yoga and Breathwork Classes 

Yoga is an ancient practice long believed to be an effective form and part of complementary treatments that patients consider as alternatives to modern medicine. The combination of the physical therapy from yoga movements and control gained through regulatory responses via breathwork techniques may provide positive effects to those with MS. 

As with all treatment options, the focus of our mind-body sessions is to identify your pain points and focus on symptom management. Studies show that yoga and breathwork may help reduce bladder problems, lower stress levels, reduce fatigue and decrease pain. 

Ice Baths

Ice bath therapy is an effective way to treat the physical symptoms associated with MS. Ice baths have analgesic effects, which help reduce pain and inflammation in joints and muscles. You can submerge your entire body or just the affected limb/area for the best results. 

As alternative medicines, ice baths offer a range of benefits for physical and mental symptom management. Cold plunges can increase dopamine levels to improve mood, trigger norepinephrine release to regulate inflammatory responses and help slow down cellular damage. 

Vielight

Vielight devices may be considered one of the latest treatments for Multiple Sclerosis as they use photobiomodulation therapy to increase brain function. The Vielight treatment device is designed to offer treatment transcranially and intranasally by emitting red light energy. 

Light therapies work by stimulating mitochondrial energy production and forming new and stronger neural electrical signals with near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. NIR treatment improves blood flow to the brain, which increases the oxygen and nutrient levels in your brain cells. Red light therapies may help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain — preserving brain health and protecting neurons from damage. 

FAQs About Multiple Sclerosis

How is Multiple Sclerosis diagnosed? 

Can MS get better? 

How would you typically treat MS? 

Can someone with MS live a normal life? 

What are disease-modifying therapies? 

Holon: Find a Natural Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms

Holon is a cutting-edge wellness centre in Glasgow, offering clients alternative therapies grounded in science. Our aim is to help clients reach their health goals by taking a holistic approach to healing and wellness. 

Beyond Multiple Sclerosis treatments, we provide clients with a comprehensive set of services and advanced treatments to address a range of chronic symptoms. We also aim to help patients improve athletic performance and bolster overall wellness.

In addition to the offerings mentioned above, we also offer gold-standard blood tests, comprehensive functional medicine consultations in the form of online sessions and health coaching from our Oxford and Harvard-educated founder. 

Want to explore more? Start your journey today

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